How To Create A Native Garden

Creating Native Gardens

At the core of environmentally friendly landscapes is the use of native plants. Native plants are those species that were present locally when the first settlers arrived. These plants have evolved over thousands of years to be able to live on rainwater alone, without adding fertilizer, and their deep roots help infiltrate rain where it falls and carry the moisture deep into the ground to replenish our aquifers, cleaning it as it goes.

As you start this year's yard work and lawn care and are dreading the thought of mowing grass and applying fertilizer and weed killer, take a step back and think of the native possibilities. There are countless ways to incorporate native vegetation into your home landscape. Start one plant at a time–or create a whole new flower bed.

RAIN GARDENS

To call a rain garden a "rain garden" is a bit of a misnomer. It conjures up visions of wet places and open water which is typically not a rain garden at all! Usually, a rain garden is a dry place except after a rain storm. Simply, rain gardens are designed as a low, shallow "bowl" in the ground that can receive and hold rain water runoff from your roof, driveway or sump pump, giving the water time to soak into the ground.

Why Rain Gardens?

Most of our home landscapes are designed so water "runs off" the property quickly into the street where it is directed to a storm drain. Engineers and designers have come to recognize however that collecting water this way and emptying the collecting pipes into our local creeks and rivers is not the best strategy for protecting these important resources. Rain water is now typically drained into retention/detention "ponds" that hold this runoff for a period of time and release it at a slower rate into the receiving pipe collection system.

There are problems with these areas too however. They are designed to receive a large amount of water quickly from surrounding streets. The water is often hot from the hot asphalt road surface in the summer and contains oils, dirt and other contaminants. Where retained water levels are low, they quickly fill with weedy invasive species that are difficult to control. Where the sides of the basins are steep, the sides become unstable and erode.

Adding a rain garden to your yard to capture some of the rain water from your roof and soak it into the ground close to where it falls is a great strategy to help address these problems. Rain gardens reduce the amount of water that enters detention ponds and street drains, helps replenish groundwater and cleans and cools the water as it moves through the soil. Rain gardens also provide an opportunity to add new plants to your garden which will help support more pollinators and other wildlife!

A Rain Garden How-To

Rain gardens are pretty easy to build but there are a couple of things you will want to remember before you start.

Your rain garden can be any shape; square, rectangular, circular or serpentine.
The location you select should be more than 10 feet away from the house and away from an existing septic field
It should also be located where you are sure you are able to create a gently sloping channel from the source of the water (downspout and/or sump outlet) to thetop of the rain garden where it enters. The channel does not have to be steep.
The depth of your rain garden should be approximately 6-8" deep and should have a flat bottom to maximize the amount of ground over which rain water can soak in (infiltrate).
The sides of the rain garden should be laid back at a gradual slope
Some or all of the soil you dig out to create the rain garden can be gently mounded around the outside of the rain garden
Include an "outlet" at the downslope side as an overflow outlet but make sure your design doesn't increase the amount of water that flows on to a neighbor's property.
It's a good idea to check the infiltration rate of the soil where you are creating your rain garden. There are several good references below. If you want to amend clay soil to improve drainage, you can add mulch. Do not add sand; if done incorrectly you will only make the problem worse.

Notes & Helpful References

You might find that some places recommend that you locate your rain garden in an area of your yard that is low and wet. Since more water cannot soak in where ground is already wet, this is not the best place. It can, however be a great place for a flourishing native garden using plants that prefer more consistently moist to wet soils.

Soil moisture conditions in rain gardens will typically alternate between wet and dry depending upon the season and the amount of rain. It is important to understand how quickly water will soak in and to select plants that tolerate standing water for a short period of time (usually < 24 hours).

Building a Rain Garden

Rain Gardens: A Guide for Homeowners and Landscapers.Wisconsin DNR. An excellent detailed 32-page guide.
Build Your Own Rain Garden The Conservation Foundation brochure

General Interest

Let It Rain. Chicagoland Gardening 01/06/16
Rain Gardens: A Lovely Way to Protect the Planet. C-VILLE Weekly, Charlottesville, VA.

Butterfly gardens

A butterfly garden is an easy way to attract the many species of butterflies common to the Chicagoland area. These colorful gardens are full of native, nectar-rich plants that provide food for butterfly larvae and adults. They can be large or small, and adapted to almost any soil conditions, so get planting, and watch the beautiful critters appear! Birds and other insects will also delight in the seeds and nectar sources your garden provides, and little scurries will appreciate the refuge as well.

Butterfly Garden Tips

Butterfly gardens are easy to construct, require little water once established, and need no fertilizers. Here are some tips to keep in mind:

Plants that attract butterflies should be planted in full sun, and ideally in a sheltered location (butterflies don't like to fight the wind).
Plan your garden to have colorful blooms from early spring to late fall. We've put together a colorful four page"How-To" Natural Landscaping Guide with suggested native plants, organized by plant height.
Avoid chemical fertilizers or pesticides, since butterflies and other wildlife are extremely sensitive to them. Besides, native plants don't need them!
Monarchs need milkweed so if you want to help this imperiled species, make sure your garden has some!

Native Trees & shrubs

The use of native trees and shrubs is a great ways to provide both beauty and habitat to any natural space. Native species serve as homes for a variety of animal life and are crucial to their survival. Certain native species ability to soak up and hold rainwater can make them useful in mitigating heavy rainfall and drought.

Where to get
Native Plants

More and more nurseries in our area are carrying native plants, which is great news for us and for the wild communities that need our help. Here are some local native plant sources we love.

You can also find native plant sales happening this spring here.

Retail

25w471 Plank Rd.
Naperville, IL 60563
630-355-4000

Wannemakers
1940 Ogden Ave.
Downers Grove, IL
630-852-0700

Wholesale