Does The Environment Impact Genes Genetic Makeup

Table of Contents

• What Is NIEHS Doing?
• Further Reading

Introduction

Few diseases issue from a alter in a single gene or even multiple genes. Instead, most diseases are complex and stem from an interaction between your genes and your environment. Factors in your environment can range from chemicals in air or h2o pollution, mold, pesticides, diet choices, or grooming products.

Subtle differences in one person's genes tin can cause them to respond differently to the aforementioned environmental exposure equally another person. As a upshot, some people may develop a disease after being exposed to something in the environment while others may non.

As scientists larn more nearly the connection betwixt genes and the surround, they pursue new approaches for preventing and treating disease that consider individual genetic codes.

• Developed & Juvenile Myositis
• Calcinosis Study
• EPR: Deoxyribonucleic acid & Your Environs
• MYORISK Study

What Is NIEHS Doing?

NIEHS studies a wide range of diseases and disorders with genetic and environmental components. In add-on, new technologies and computational approaches are under development to tease out the factor and surroundings interactions that underpin disease.

• Autism - High levels of air pollution increase the hazard for autism in children with a genetic variant called MET, which is involved in brain development.¹ This genetic variant did not increase the risk for the 75% of the population exposed to lower levels of air pollution, suggesting that autism may be caused by an interaction of genetic and ecology factors.
• Dna Repair - Molecules damaged by environmental exposures similar ultraviolet low-cal or sure chemicals are incorporated into Deoxyribonucleic acid, triggering cell expiry that may atomic number 82 to cancer, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular and lung disease, and Alzheimer's disease.²
• Metabolism - Researchers in the NIEHS Metabolism, Genes, and Environment Group discovered that a protein called SIRT1, which plays a critical role in early on evolution and metabolism, could provide the footing for therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases and aging at the genetic level.³
• Parkinson's disease - The run a risk of developing Parkinson's illness after pesticide exposure was greater in people who had a genetic variation that affected the production of nitric oxide, a molecule that can harm neurons.⁴ Lifestyle choices related to diet, exercise, and nicotine use also take been linked to the run a risk of developing Parkinson's disease.
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) - An international study that included NIEHS scientists discovered children with variations in a gene called TLR4 who were exposed to sure environmental factors adult astringent cases of RSV bronchiolitis, a life-threatening respiratory illness.⁵

New data analysis methods – Many studies can only analyze ane type of ecology exposure at a time, which does not business relationship for combined effects of multiple exposures and genes acting together. But, a computational approach by NIEHS-funded researchers tin simultaneously analyze information on multiple environmental exposures and their interactions with genes.⁶ Researchers used information well-nigh atherosclerosis, a chronic heart condition, every bit a test instance for the method's application in future studies.

Monitoring the country of the field – NIEHS helped convene a workshop, "Current Challenges and New Opportunities for Gene-Environment Interaction Studies of Complex Diseases," to explore issues surrounding written report of the interplay between genes and the environment.⁷ Attendees institute that forth with research challenges many heady opportunities exist for new studies.

Farther Reading

Stories from the Environmental Gene (NIEHS newsletter)

• Ethical Bug Sally in Factor-environment Interactions Inquiry (February 2022)
• Data Science May Resolve How Surroundings Influences Disease (January 2021)
• Bold Programme to Study Gene-environment Interactions Presented to Council (July 2020)
• Time of Day Plays Function in Exposure Response (June 2019)
• Early on Life Exposures Can Jumble DNA's Epigenetic Marks (March 2019)
• Genetics and Pollution Bulldoze Severity of Asthma Symptoms (September 2018)
• Ecology Exposure and Genetics Inquiry in Africa (May 2018)
• New Enquiry Approaches Target Gene-environment Interactions (April 2018)

Additional Resources

• Human Genome Project (National Institutes of Health)

Fact Sheets

Related Wellness Topics

• Endocrine Disruptors
• Exposure Science
• Toxicology

1. Volk HE, Kerin T, Lurmann F, Hertz-Picciotto I, McConnell R, Campbell DB. 2014. Autism spectrum disorder: interaction of air pollution with the MET receptor tyrosine kinase gene. Epidemiology 25(i):44-47. [Abstract Volk HE, Kerin T, Lurmann F, Hertz-Picciotto I, McConnell R, Campbell DB. 2014. Autism spectrum disorder: interaction of air pollution with the MET receptor tyrosine kinase gene. Epidemiology 25(1):44-47.]

2. Freudenthal BD, Beard WA, Perera L, Stupor DD, Kim T, Schlick T, Wilson SH. 2015. Uncovering the polymerase-induced cytotoxicity of an oxidized nucleotide. Nature. 517(7536):635-ix. [Abstract Freudenthal BD, Bristles WA, Perera L, Shock DD, Kim T, Schlick T, Wilson SH. 2015. Uncovering the polymerase-induced cytotoxicity of an oxidized nucleotide. Nature. 517(7536):635-nine.]

3. Purushotham A, Schug TT, Xu Q, Surapureddi S, Guo X, Li X. 2009. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of SIRT1 alters fat acid metabolism and results in hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Cell Metab. 9(iv):327-38. [Abstruse Purushotham A, Schug TT, Xu Q, Surapureddi South, Guo Ten, Li X. 2009. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of SIRT1 alters fatty acid metabolism and results in hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Cell Metab. 9(4):327-38.]

4. Paul KC, Sinsheimer JS, Rhodes SL, Cockburn M, Bronstein J, Ritz B. 2016. Organophosphate Pesticide Exposures, Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Variants, and Factor-Pesticide Interactions in a Instance-Control Study of Parkinson'southward Affliction, California (USA). Ecology Health Perspectives. 124(5):570-7. [Abstract Paul KC, Sinsheimer JS, Rhodes SL, Cockburn Yard, Bronstein J, Ritz B. 2016. Organophosphate Pesticide Exposures, Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Variants, and Gene-Pesticide Interactions in a Case-Control Study of Parkinson'south Disease, California (U.s.a.). Environmental Health Perspectives. 124(v):570-7.]

5. Caballero MT, Serra ME, Acosta PL, Marzec J, Gibbons L, Salim M, Rodriguez A, Reynaldi A, Garcia A, Bado D, Buchholz UJ, Hijano DR, Coviello South, Newcomb D, Bellabarba One thousand, Ferolla FM, Libster R, Berenstein A, Siniawaski Due south, Blumetti V, Echavarria Thousand, Pinto L, Lawrence A, Ossorio MF, Grosman A, Mateu CG, Bayle C, Dericco A, Pellegrini K, Igarza I, Repetto HA, Grimaldi LA, Gudapati P, Polack NR, Althabe F, Shi M, Ferrero F, Bergel E, Stein RT, Peebles RS, Boothby M, Kleeberger SR, Polack FP. 2015. TLR4 genotype and ecology LPS mediate RSV bronchiolitis through Th2 polarization. J Clin Invest 125(ii):571-582. [Abstract Caballero MT, Serra ME, Acosta PL, Marzec J, Gibbons 50, Salim 1000, Rodriguez A, Reynaldi A, Garcia A, Bado D, Buchholz UJ, Hijano DR, Coviello South, Newcomb D, Bellabarba M, Ferolla FM, Libster R, Berenstein A, Siniawaski S, Blumetti V, Echavarria K, Pinto L, Lawrence A, Ossorio MF, Grosman A, Mateu CG, Bayle C, Dericco A, Pellegrini M, Igarza I, Repetto HA, Grimaldi LA, Gudapati P, Polack NR, Althabe F, Shi G, Ferrero F, Bergel E, Stein RT, Peebles RS, Boothby M, Kleeberger SR, Polack FP. 2015. TLR4 genotype and ecology LPS mediate RSV bronchiolitis through Th2 polarization. J Clin Invest 125(2):571-582.]

6. Ko YA, Mukherjee B, Smith JA, Kardia SL, Allison M, Diez Roux AV. 2016. Classification and Clustering Methods for Multiple Environmental Factors in Gene-Environment Interaction: Awarding to the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Epidemiology 27(half dozen):870-878. [Abstract Ko YA, Mukherjee B, Smith JA, Kardia SL, Allison Yard, Diez Roux AV. 2016. Classification and Clustering Methods for Multiple Environmental Factors in Gene-Environment Interaction: Application to the Multi-Ethnic Report of Atherosclerosis. Epidemiology 27(half-dozen):870-878.]

7. McAllister Yard, Mechanic LE, Amos C, Aschard H, Blair IA, Chatterjee N, Conti D, Gauderman WJ, Hsu L, Hutter CM, Jankowska MM, Kerr J, Kraft P, Montgomery SB, Mukherjee B, Papanicolaou GJ, Patel CJ, Ritchie MD, Ritz BR, Thomas DC, Wei P, Witte JS. 2017. Electric current Challenges and New Opportunities for Gene-Environment Interaction Studies of Complex Diseases. Am J Epidemiology 186(7): 753-761. [Abstract McAllister K, Mechanic LE, Amos C, Aschard H, Blair IA, Chatterjee N, Conti D, Gauderman WJ, Hsu L, Hutter CM, Jankowska MM, Kerr J, Kraft P, Montgomery SB, Mukherjee B, Papanicolaou GJ, Patel CJ, Ritchie Doctor, Ritz BR, Thomas DC, Wei P, Witte JS. 2017. Current Challenges and New Opportunities for Factor-Environment Interaction Studies of Complex Diseases. Am J Epidemiology 186(7): 753-761.]

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